CVE-2026-71885

Description

In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, the Messaging Layer Security (MLS, RFC 9420) implementation did not bind an X.509 credential to a LeafNode's signature_key. LeafNode.verify() checked a leaf's signature against the signature_key carried in the leaf itself, while the credential's X.509 certificate chain was stored but never parsed or validated, so the end-entity certificate's public key was never required to match signature_key as RFC 9420 sec. 5.3 requires. A party could therefore present another party's certificate as its credential while signing the leaf, and the enclosing KeyPackage, with an unrelated key, and be accepted under that other party's identity through KeyPackage.verify() and the Group leaf-validation path. In a deployment that admits external commits without an independent credential-admission check, an unauthenticated attacker could be admitted under a victim's X.509 identity, evict the victim (resynchronization compares whole credentials rather than signing keys), derive the current epoch, decrypt subsequent group messages, and send messages accepted as the victim. TreeKEM.LeafNode now requires the end-entity certificate's subject public key, in the cipher suite's signature encoding, to equal signature_key for an X.509 credential and rejects the leaf otherwise, including an empty chain or a certificate whose key type does not match the cipher suite; certificate-chain and identity validation to a trust anchor remain the application's responsibility per RFC 9420 sec. 5.3.1. Deployments using only basic credentials are unaffected.

Gravité et risque d'exploitation

CVE-2026-71885 obtient un score CVSS de 9.2/10, soit une gravité critique. Selon le modèle EPSS, la probabilité qu'elle soit exploitée dans les 30 prochains jours est de 0.19 %, ce qui la place devant 7.8 % des CVE référencées.

Que faire ?

• Vérifiez si BC-JAVA (versions <1.86, 0) est présent sur votre parc.
• Appliquez le correctif ou la version corrigée indiqués dans les références de l'éditeur.
• À défaut de correctif, limitez l'exposition (filtrage réseau, désactivation du composant).
• Automatisez la détection : les agents CVE Heimdall (gratuits, open source) corrèlent l'inventaire de vos serveurs avec la base CVE.

Références

• https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/wiki/CVE%E2%80%902026%E2%80%9071885
• https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/commit/77632a57edf350a7b5751fca1a5052daffa8dab2